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General information about the handwriting. Depending on the nature of the crimes investigators and operatives are often found and used to establish certain facts and events of various kinds of handwritten documents. These include primary or consolidated accounting and reporting documents in the form of orders, statements, invoices, cash receipts, etc .: the manuscript suspects, accused (letters, memos, notes in a notebook, diaries, notes and inscriptions made on various materials and objects in time of the offense, recording addresses on envelopes and postal parcels, etc.). Texts, records and notes in handwritten documents may be made in ink, pencil, through carbon paper, ballpoint pens and other writing tools. On various subjects and materials are also found inscriptions made with chalk, a piece of lime, paint, sharp objects, etc.

Handwriting expert.

Manuscripts detected at the scene or withdrawn during the search, including when a personal search, there are brief and lengthy performed unchanged handwriting and handwriting changed. Changes in handwriting may be derived from the conditions of the letter or intent of the writing (cursive disguise, writing text in block letters or left hand, the use of unusual writing tools, etc.). Practice known cases of execution of manuscripts with imitation handwriting of a certain person.

Letter in the broadest sense is a means of securing the sound of speech in time with the help of descriptive signs that are visually perceptible. When writing use uppercase and lowercase letters, Roman and Arabic numerals, special scientific signs, punctuation marks, accented characters and ligatures (a combination of two or more written characters written together or each refined). Formation of writing in any language is a complex process. He is composed of technical, graphic and spelling skills. On the development of writing skills, his technique and a certain stability attributes influenced by several factors: the methodology of teaching, the degree of fitness and profession.

The initial theoretical propositions stability graphics and other writing skills contained in the teachings of IP Pavlov on the dynamic stereotype.

Despite the fluctuations, which are natural for each of handwriting, the latter is so individual that the manuscript can set its performer. Of course, the manuscript should contain that amount of graphic signs, which is sufficiently individualized to the performer.

Signs of handwriting are common and private. Common are features that characterize the writings as a whole, as a system of habitual movements, and the pace of writing. They also include the size, tilt, acceleration, pressure connection and handwriting. Private are the features that characterize a system of movements in the performance of individual elements and written signs (shape and direction of movements, their length and the number, sequence and relative placement and so-called topographic features – the location of the text in a row on the same page throughout the document).

Issues Resolved expertise. Setting before the examination questions depends not only on problems that are solved in the case of an investigator or a field worker, but also on the nature of the studied manuscripts. In each case they are not the same. This explains the specifics of the proposed resolution on the examination of issues of which the most common are the following:

How long have written the text of the document (the time of occurrence of the document is relative, for example, on the application of the alphabet, the existing rules of grammar, etc.).?
The condition of the person when the text of the document (this issue is also solved for by comparing the texts, made by the same person in the normal and diseased condition)?
Under what conditions was written text – in the usual or unusual?
Whether all the handwriting is made in this document at the same time?
What hand (right or left) made the text?
What is the age of the person who wrote a particular document (the student, the average person or elderly)?
One or different persons made the texts of all the studied documents?
Made whether text or document fragments investigated by this person?

Handwriting samples for comparison. To resolve questions about the artist handwriting, digital and other records are available to the expert handwriting samples.

Handwriting samples are divided into general, perform normal for that person (the accused, suspect, witness, victim, etc.) handwriting and under normal conditions, and special made panache, tracing, with imitation type fonts, that is, under special conditions .

Common free samples are manuscripts, for which there is confidence that their singer had no idea that they will be used as the handwriting samples for examination. Usually this manuscript, written without any connection with the offense under investigation. Along with these general patterns can be experimental, for example, when the suspect carried the manuscript on a proposal from the investigator or the operative worker in connection with the offense under investigation.

To conduct handwriting analysis to the expert should be directed both free and experimental samples of his handwriting. The absence or inadequacy of free handwriting samples often lead inability to perform the examination or lack of certainty of the conclusions of experts. Presentation of only one experimental samples is allowed in exceptional cases, impossible to obtain free samples that necessarily marked in the decision on the appointment of expertise.

Best free general handwriting samples often serve manuscript comparable, with the test documents written for other purposes (such as office paper) on the general appearance of the handwriting (letter size, etc.), On lexicons, phraseology, tools and materials of the letter (or pencil feather quality, grade or size, and so on.), and the writing time close to the time of occurrence of the manuscript investigated. Thus, in the examination of handwriting receipts as a model should also provide a receipt of the same or similar content, written in pencil or pen, on the same surface in appearance, linovke, size and color of the paper (blank) as studied receipt.

The most important requirement for a free sample letter is their credibility, that is, the certainty of origin. Therefore, the investigator or operational workers must ensure that free samples sent to the expert actually performed by the person.

Experimental handwriting samples obtained in two ways: through dictation or suggestions to make any document (Autobiography, an explanation on a particular issue, statement or other document).

If there is enough free samples can be shared only the first way: the failure or absence of free samples is necessary to obtain samples as dictation, and in the form of self-mails. It is not allowed to write off the possibility of giving the person to be examined with the text of the manuscript or a prepared text. Sometimes the circumstances of the case require that the person whose handwriting was subjected to, did not know that they performed the manuscript will be sent for examination. In such cases, self-satisfied with the performance of the samples without obtaining samples of text, written from dictation.

In addition to free handwriting samples, all other manuscripts destined for examination must be carried out in the presence of a person or an investigator operative worker.

Upon receipt of handwriting samples, it is generally advisable to dictate text studied the manuscript. However, when due to tactical or ethical reasons is undesirable to disclose the contents of the test document, the investigator (field worker) and dictates of a coherent text, which differs in content from the study of the manuscript, would include various combinations of words and individual letters from her.

Text is dictated smooth, calm voice, quite clearly, but without isolation and underscores intonation features of writing individual words and their parts. Writing can not be forced to play a certain form letters, writing larger, shallower, with a certain inclination to put hyphens and punctuation in certain places, or that require the placement of the text etc .. writing tools and paper must comply document in question. Requires that posture when writing was normal, that is, the person from whom samples were taken handwriting, write, sitting at the table. If in the course of daily work the person use glasses, be sure to comply with this condition, and when writing his experimental text.

In addition to general handwriting samples, there is often a need to prepare special samples, that is, those that are performed by affectation, drawing or written in unusual circumstances. They are also free and experimental.

In cases where the investigated manuscript made by affectation. drawing, left hand or otherwise unusual way, operative officer or investigator in the preparation of handwriting samples for examination turns out, not whether the person uses these methods of writing every day. The rest of the preparation of free special obraztsov met the requirements for the selection of general free handwriting samples.

The second type of special handwriting samples obtained or dictation, or by offering to make the person in the presence of the investigator or the operative worker any manuscript. In both cases, the conditions are met, the corresponding writing test paper (method of performing, font, paper, writing instrument, etc.). To do this, at the disposal of the person from whom samples were taken to provide relevant tools and materials writing. In the obtained samples may not be typical of those seen in the study of the manuscript. Then the investigator or a field worker invite that person to perform handwriting sample in a certain way and print or in a strictly defined conditions (eg, standing, reclining on the wall, with gloves, in poor light, etc.). However, this urge is strictly prohibited.

For the examination of texts written with his left hand, require special handwritten samples made with the left hand of the suspect. They are selected by dictating a prepared text. In addition to these samples, the expert should be directed and general handwriting samples of the suspect of his right hand.

If you need any help with handwriting expertise, call us “Blue Systems”, at 714-592-8000. We serve next areas: Orange County( Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Anaheim Hills, Irvine, Fullerton, Santa-Ana, Orange), San Clemente, Los Angeles, Santa Monica and etc.

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